median_absolute_percentage_error#

median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, horizon_weight=None, multioutput='uniform_average', symmetric=False, **kwargs)[source]#

Median absolute percentage error (MdAPE) or symmetric version.

If symmetric is False then calculates MdAPE and if symmetric is True then calculates symmetric median absolute percentage error (sMdAPE). Both MdAPE and sMdAPE output is non-negative floating point. The best value is 0.0.

MdAPE and sMdAPE are measured in percentage error relative to the test data. Because it takes the absolute value rather than square the percentage forecast error, it penalizes large errors less than MSPE, RMSPE, MdSPE or RMdSPE.

Taking the median instead of the mean of the absolute percentage errors also makes this metric more robust to error outliers since the median tends to be a more robust measure of central tendency in the presence of outliers.

There is no limit on how large the error can be, particulalrly when y_true values are close to zero. In such cases the function returns a large value instead of inf.

Parameters:
y_truepd.Series, pd.DataFrame or np.array of shape (fh,) or (fh, n_outputs) where fh is the forecasting horizon

Ground truth (correct) target values.

y_predpd.Series, pd.DataFrame or np.array of shape (fh,) or (fh, n_outputs) where fh is the forecasting horizon

Forecasted values.

horizon_weightarray-like of shape (fh,), default=None

Forecast horizon weights.

multioutput{‘raw_values’, ‘uniform_average’} or array-like of shape (n_outputs,), default=’uniform_average’

Defines how to aggregate metric for multivariate (multioutput) data. If array-like, values used as weights to average the errors. If ‘raw_values’, returns a full set of errors in case of multioutput input. If ‘uniform_average’, errors of all outputs are averaged with uniform weight.

symmetricbool, default=False

Calculates symmetric version of metric if True.

Returns:
lossfloat

MdAPE or sMdAPE loss. If multioutput is ‘raw_values’, then MdAPE or sMdAPE is returned for each output separately. If multioutput is ‘uniform_average’ or an ndarray of weights, then the weighted average MdAPE or sMdAPE of all output errors is returned.

References

Hyndman, R. J and Koehler, A. B. (2006). “Another look at measures of forecast accuracy”, International Journal of Forecasting, Volume 22, Issue 4.

Examples

>>> from sktime.performance_metrics.forecasting import         median_absolute_percentage_error
>>> y_true = np.array([3, -0.5, 2, 7, 2])
>>> y_pred = np.array([2.5, 0.0, 2, 8, 1.25])
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, symmetric=False)
0.16666666666666666
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, symmetric=True)
0.18181818181818182
>>> y_true = np.array([[0.5, 1], [-1, 1], [7, -6]])
>>> y_pred = np.array([[0, 2], [-1, 2], [8, -5]])
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, symmetric=False)
0.5714285714285714
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, symmetric=True)
0.39999999999999997
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, multioutput='raw_values',     symmetric=False)
array([0.14285714, 1.        ])
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, multioutput='raw_values',     symmetric=True)
array([0.13333333, 0.66666667])
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, multioutput=[0.3, 0.7],     symmetric=False)
0.7428571428571428
>>> median_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred, multioutput=[0.3, 0.7],     symmetric=True)
0.5066666666666666